¹His factis pactionibus,After these pacts were made,Lysias pergebat ad regem,Lysias proceeded on to the king,Judæi autem agriculturæ operam dabant.but the Jews undertook the work of agriculture.

¹His factis pactionibus,After these pacts were made,Lysias pergebat ad regem,Lysias proceeded on to the king,Judæi autem agriculturæ operam dabant.but the Jews undertook the work of agriculture.

²Sed hi qui resederant,However, those who had withdrawn:Timotheus,Timothy,et Apollonius Gennæi filius,and Apollonius, the son of Gennaeus,sed et Hieronymus,along with Hieronymus,et Demophon super hos,and Demophon, and, in addition to these,et Nicanor Cypriarches,Nicanor, the governor of Cyprus,non sinebant eos in silentio agere et quiete.would not permit them to live in peace and quiet.

²Sed hi qui resederant,However, those who had withdrawn:Timotheus,Timothy,et Apollonius Gennæi filius,and Apollonius, the son of Gennaeus,sed et Hieronymus,along with Hieronymus,et Demophon super hos,and Demophon, and, in addition to these,et Nicanor Cypriarches,Nicanor, the governor of Cyprus,non sinebant eos in silentio agere et quiete.would not permit them to live in peace and quiet.

³Joppitæ vero tale quoddam flagitium perpetrarunt:Truly, those of Joppa were also perpetrators of very shameful acts.rogaverunt Judæos cum quibus habitabant,They asked the Jews, who lived among them,ascendere scaphas quas paraverant,to go up into small boats, which they had prepared,cum uxoribus et filiis,with their wives and sons,quasi nullis inimicitiis inter eos subjacentibus.as if no underlying hostility was between them.

³Joppitæ vero tale quoddam flagitium perpetrarunt:Truly, those of Joppa were also perpetrators of very shameful acts.rogaverunt Judæos cum quibus habitabant,They asked the Jews, who lived among them,ascendere scaphas quas paraverant,to go up into small boats, which they had prepared,cum uxoribus et filiis,with their wives and sons,quasi nullis inimicitiis inter eos subjacentibus.as if no underlying hostility was between them.

⁴Secundum commune itaque decretum civitatis,And so, according to the common decree of the city,et ipsis acquiescentibus,they acquiesced to them,pacisque causa nihil suspectum habentibus:having no suspicions and because there was peace.cum in altum processissent,When they had proceeded out into deep water,submerserunt non minus ducentos.they drowned no less than two hundred of them.

⁴Secundum commune itaque decretum civitatis,And so, according to the common decree of the city,et ipsis acquiescentibus,they acquiesced to them,pacisque causa nihil suspectum habentibus:having no suspicions and because there was peace.cum in altum processissent,When they had proceeded out into deep water,submerserunt non minus ducentos.they drowned no less than two hundred of them.

⁵Quam crudelitatem Judas in suæ gentis homines factam ut cognovit,When Judas learned of the cruelty done to the men of his nation,præcepit viris qui erant cum ipso:he informed the men who were with him, and,et invocato justo judice Deo,having called upon God, the Just Judge,

⁵Quam crudelitatem Judas in suæ gentis homines factam ut cognovit,When Judas learned of the cruelty done to the men of his nation,præcepit viris qui erant cum ipso:he informed the men who were with him, and,et invocato justo judice Deo,having called upon God, the Just Judge,

⁶venit adversus interfectores fratrum,he went against the executors of his brothers,et portum quidem noctu succendit,and he even set the port on fire in the night;scaphas exussit,he burned the boats,eos autem qui ab igne refugerant,but those who took refuge from the fire,gladio peremit.he destroyed with the sword.

⁶venit adversus interfectores fratrum,he went against the executors of his brothers,et portum quidem noctu succendit,and he even set the port on fire in the night;scaphas exussit,he burned the boats,eos autem qui ab igne refugerant,but those who took refuge from the fire,gladio peremit.he destroyed with the sword.

⁷Et cum hæc ita egisset,And when he had done these things in this way,discessit quasi iterum reversurus,he departed,et universos Joppitas eradicaturus.as if he would return again to eradicate all those of Joppa.

⁷Et cum hæc ita egisset,And when he had done these things in this way,discessit quasi iterum reversurus,he departed,et universos Joppitas eradicaturus.as if he would return again to eradicate all those of Joppa.

⁸Sed cum cognovisset et eos qui erant Jamniæ, velle pari modo facere habitantibus secum Judæis,But when he also realized those who were of Jamnia wanted to act in a similar way to the Jews living among them,

⁸Sed cum cognovisset et eos qui erant Jamniæ, velle pari modo facere habitantibus secum Judæis,But when he also realized those who were of Jamnia wanted to act in a similar way to the Jews living among them,

⁹Jamnitis quoque nocte supervenit,he went against those of Jamnia also by night,et portum cum navibus succendit:and he set the port on fire, along with the ships,ita ut lumen ignis appareret Jerosolymis a stadiis ducentis quadraginta.so much so that the light of the fire was seen at Jerusalem, two hundred and forty stadia away.

⁹Jamnitis quoque nocte supervenit,he went against those of Jamnia also by night,et portum cum navibus succendit:and he set the port on fire, along with the ships,ita ut lumen ignis appareret Jerosolymis a stadiis ducentis quadraginta.so much so that the light of the fire was seen at Jerusalem, two hundred and forty stadia away.

¹⁰Inde cum jam abiissent novem stadiis,When they had now gone from there nine stadia,et iter facerent ad Timotheum,and were making their way toward Timothy,commiserunt cum eo Arabes quinque millia viri,they met in battle with those of Arabia:et equites quingenti.five thousand men and five hundred horsemen.

¹⁰Inde cum jam abiissent novem stadiis,When they had now gone from there nine stadia,et iter facerent ad Timotheum,and were making their way toward Timothy,commiserunt cum eo Arabes quinque millia viri,they met in battle with those of Arabia:et equites quingenti.five thousand men and five hundred horsemen.

¹¹Cumque pugna valida fieret,And when a strong fight occurred, and,et auxilio Dei prospere cessisset,by the help of God, it ceased favorably,residui Arabes victi petebant a Juda dextram sibi dari,the remainder of the Arabians who were overcome petitioned Judas to give them a pledge,promittentes se pascua daturos, et in ceteris profuturos.promising to give him pastures and to assist him in other things in the future.

¹¹Cumque pugna valida fieret,And when a strong fight occurred, and,et auxilio Dei prospere cessisset,by the help of God, it ceased favorably,residui Arabes victi petebant a Juda dextram sibi dari,the remainder of the Arabians who were overcome petitioned Judas to give them a pledge,promittentes se pascua daturos, et in ceteris profuturos.promising to give him pastures and to assist him in other things in the future.

¹²Judas autem arbitratus vere in multis eos utiles,Then Judas, thinking that they truly might be useful in many ways,promisit pacem:promised peace.dextrisque acceptis, discessere ad tabernacula sua.And after receiving the pledge of his right hand, they withdrew to their tents.

¹²Judas autem arbitratus vere in multis eos utiles,Then Judas, thinking that they truly might be useful in many ways,promisit pacem:promised peace.dextrisque acceptis, discessere ad tabernacula sua.And after receiving the pledge of his right hand, they withdrew to their tents.

¹³Aggressus est autemThen he also assaulted a certain strong city,et civitatem quamdam firmam pontibus murisque circumseptam,surrounded with bridges and walls,quæ a turbis habitabatur gentium promiscuarum:which was inhabited by a crowd from many different nations,cui nomen Casphin.the name of which is Casphin.

¹³Aggressus est autemThen he also assaulted a certain strong city,et civitatem quamdam firmam pontibus murisque circumseptam,surrounded with bridges and walls,quæ a turbis habitabatur gentium promiscuarum:which was inhabited by a crowd from many different nations,cui nomen Casphin.the name of which is Casphin.

¹⁴Hi vero qui intus erant,In truth, those who were inside,confidentes in stabilitate murorum et apparatu alimoniarum,trusting in the strength of the walls and in the preparations of rations,remissius agebant,acted irresponsibly,maledictis lacessentes Judam et blasphemantes,and they challenged Judas with evil words and blaspheming,ac loquentes quæ fas non est.as well as by speaking what is not lawful.

¹⁴Hi vero qui intus erant,In truth, those who were inside,confidentes in stabilitate murorum et apparatu alimoniarum,trusting in the strength of the walls and in the preparations of rations,remissius agebant,acted irresponsibly,maledictis lacessentes Judam et blasphemantes,and they challenged Judas with evil words and blaspheming,ac loquentes quæ fas non est.as well as by speaking what is not lawful.

¹⁵Machabæus autem,But Maccabeus rushed fiercely to the walls,invocato magno mundi Principe,calling upon the great Leader of the world,qui sine arietibuswho,et machinis temporibus Jesu præcipitavit Jericho,without battering rams or machines of war,irruit ferociter muris:had thrown down the walls of Jericho in the time of Joshua.

¹⁵Machabæus autem,But Maccabeus rushed fiercely to the walls,invocato magno mundi Principe,calling upon the great Leader of the world,qui sine arietibuswho,et machinis temporibus Jesu præcipitavit Jericho,without battering rams or machines of war,irruit ferociter muris:had thrown down the walls of Jericho in the time of Joshua.

¹⁶et capta civitate per Domini voluntatem,And, having captured the city through the will of the Lord,innumerabiles cædes fecit,he made a slaughter without number,ita ut adjacens stagnum stadiorum duorum latitudinis sanguine interfectorum fluere videretur.so much so that an adjoining pool, two stadia in width, was seen to flow with the blood of the slain.

¹⁶et capta civitate per Domini voluntatem,And, having captured the city through the will of the Lord,innumerabiles cædes fecit,he made a slaughter without number,ita ut adjacens stagnum stadiorum duorum latitudinis sanguine interfectorum fluere videretur.so much so that an adjoining pool, two stadia in width, was seen to flow with the blood of the slain.

¹⁷Inde discesserunt stadia septingenta quinquaginta,From there,et venerunt in Characa ad eos,they withdrew seven hundred and fifty stadia,qui dicuntur Tubianæi,and they came to Charax,Judæos:to those Jews who are called Tubianites.

¹⁷Inde discesserunt stadia septingenta quinquaginta,From there,et venerunt in Characa ad eos,they withdrew seven hundred and fifty stadia,qui dicuntur Tubianæi,and they came to Charax,Judæos:to those Jews who are called Tubianites.

¹⁸et Timotheum quidem in illis locis non comprehenderunt,And Timothy, indeed, they did not find in those places,nulloque negotio perfecto regressus est,for he withdrew before he completed any endeavor,relicto in quodam loco firmissimo præsidio.having left behind a very strong garrison in a certain place.

¹⁸et Timotheum quidem in illis locis non comprehenderunt,And Timothy, indeed, they did not find in those places,nulloque negotio perfecto regressus est,for he withdrew before he completed any endeavor,relicto in quodam loco firmissimo præsidio.having left behind a very strong garrison in a certain place.

¹⁹Dositheus autem et Sosipater,But Dositheus and Sosipater,qui erant duces cum Machabæo,who were commanders with Maccabeus,peremerunt a Timotheo relictos in præsidio,destroyed those who were left behind by Timothy in the stronghold:decem millia viros.ten thousand men.

¹⁹Dositheus autem et Sosipater,But Dositheus and Sosipater,qui erant duces cum Machabæo,who were commanders with Maccabeus,peremerunt a Timotheo relictos in præsidio,destroyed those who were left behind by Timothy in the stronghold:decem millia viros.ten thousand men.

²⁰At Machabæus,And Maccabeus,ordinatis circum se sex millibus,having positioned six thousand men around himet constitutis per cohortes,and having divided them into cohorts,adversus Timotheum processit,went forth against Timothy,habentem secum centum viginti millia peditum,who had with him one hundred twenty thousand foot soldiers,equitumque duo millia quingentos.and two thousand five hundred horsemen.

²⁰At Machabæus,And Maccabeus,ordinatis circum se sex millibus,having positioned six thousand men around himet constitutis per cohortes,and having divided them into cohorts,adversus Timotheum processit,went forth against Timothy,habentem secum centum viginti millia peditum,who had with him one hundred twenty thousand foot soldiers,equitumque duo millia quingentos.and two thousand five hundred horsemen.

²¹Cognito autem Judæ adventu,But when Timothy learned of the arrival of Judas,Timotheus præmisit muliereshe sent ahead the women,et filios,and the children,et reliquum apparatum,and the remainder of the preparations,in præsidium quod Carnion dicitur:into a fortress,erat enim inexpugnabile,which is called Carnion.et accessu difficile propter locorum angustias.For it was impregnable and difficult to access because of the narrowness of the places.

²¹Cognito autem Judæ adventu,But when Timothy learned of the arrival of Judas,Timotheus præmisit muliereshe sent ahead the women,et filios,and the children,et reliquum apparatum,and the remainder of the preparations,in præsidium quod Carnion dicitur:into a fortress,erat enim inexpugnabile,which is called Carnion.et accessu difficile propter locorum angustias.For it was impregnable and difficult to access because of the narrowness of the places.

²²Cumque cohors Judæ prima apparuisset,And when the first cohort of Judas had appeared,timor hostibus incussus est ex præsentia Dei,the enemies were struck with fear by the presence of God,qui universa conspicit:who beholds all things,et in fugam versi sunt alius ab alio,and they were turned to flight,ita ut magis a suis dejicerentur,one over another,et gladiorum suorum ictibus debilitarentur.to such an extent that they were being knocked over by one another and were being wounded with the strokes of their own swords.

²²Cumque cohors Judæ prima apparuisset,And when the first cohort of Judas had appeared,timor hostibus incussus est ex præsentia Dei,the enemies were struck with fear by the presence of God,qui universa conspicit:who beholds all things,et in fugam versi sunt alius ab alio,and they were turned to flight,ita ut magis a suis dejicerentur,one over another,et gladiorum suorum ictibus debilitarentur.to such an extent that they were being knocked over by one another and were being wounded with the strokes of their own swords.

²³Judas autem vehementer instabat puniens profanos,But Judas pursued them vehemently,et prostravit ex eis triginta millia virorum.punishing the profane and striking down thirty thousand of their men.

²³Judas autem vehementer instabat puniens profanos,But Judas pursued them vehemently,et prostravit ex eis triginta millia virorum.punishing the profane and striking down thirty thousand of their men.

²⁴Ipse vero Timotheus incidit in partes Dosithei et Sosipatris:In truth, Timothy himself fell to the group under Dositheus and Sosipater.et multis precibus postulabat ut vivus dimitteretur,And with much begging, he pleaded with them to release him alive,eo quod multorum ex Judæis parentes haberet ac fratres,because he held the parents and brothers of many of the Jews, who,quos morte ejus decipi eveniret.at his death, might happen to be mistreated.

²⁴Ipse vero Timotheus incidit in partes Dosithei et Sosipatris:In truth, Timothy himself fell to the group under Dositheus and Sosipater.et multis precibus postulabat ut vivus dimitteretur,And with much begging, he pleaded with them to release him alive,eo quod multorum ex Judæis parentes haberet ac fratres,because he held the parents and brothers of many of the Jews, who,quos morte ejus decipi eveniret.at his death, might happen to be mistreated.

²⁵Et cum fidem dedisset restituturum se eos secundum constitutum,And when he had given his faith that he would restore them according to the agreement,illæsum eum dimiserunt propter fratrum salutem.they released him unharmed, for the sake of their brothers’ well-being.

²⁵Et cum fidem dedisset restituturum se eos secundum constitutum,And when he had given his faith that he would restore them according to the agreement,illæsum eum dimiserunt propter fratrum salutem.they released him unharmed, for the sake of their brothers’ well-being.

²⁶Judas autem egressus est ad Carnion,Then Judas departed to Carnion,interfectis viginti quinque millibus.where he slew twenty-five thousand.

²⁶Judas autem egressus est ad Carnion,Then Judas departed to Carnion,interfectis viginti quinque millibus.where he slew twenty-five thousand.

²⁷Post horum fugam et necem,After having put to flight or killed these,movit exercitum ad Ephron civitatem munitam,he moved his army to Ephron, a fortified city,in qua multitudo diversarum gentium habitabat:in which there lived a multitude of diverse peoples. And hardy young men,et robusti juvenes pro muris consistentes fortiter repugnabant:standing upon the walls, put up a strong fight. Moreover,in hac autem machinæ multæ et telorum erat apparatus.in this place, there were many machines of war, and equipment for casting darts.

²⁷Post horum fugam et necem,After having put to flight or killed these,movit exercitum ad Ephron civitatem munitam,he moved his army to Ephron, a fortified city,in qua multitudo diversarum gentium habitabat:in which there lived a multitude of diverse peoples. And hardy young men,et robusti juvenes pro muris consistentes fortiter repugnabant:standing upon the walls, put up a strong fight. Moreover,in hac autem machinæ multæ et telorum erat apparatus.in this place, there were many machines of war, and equipment for casting darts.

²⁸Sed cum Omnipotentem invocassent,But when they had called upon the Almighty,qui potestate sua vires hostium confringit,who with his power breaks the strength of enemies,ceperunt civitatem:they seized the city.et ex eis qui intus erant, viginti quinque millia prostraverunt.And they struck down twenty-five thousand of those who were inside.

²⁸Sed cum Omnipotentem invocassent,But when they had called upon the Almighty,qui potestate sua vires hostium confringit,who with his power breaks the strength of enemies,ceperunt civitatem:they seized the city.et ex eis qui intus erant, viginti quinque millia prostraverunt.And they struck down twenty-five thousand of those who were inside.

²⁹Inde ad civitatem Scytharum abierunt,From there, they went to the city of Scythia,quæ ab Jerosolymis sexcentis stadiis aberat.which was six hundred stadia away from Jerusalem.

²⁹Inde ad civitatem Scytharum abierunt,From there, they went to the city of Scythia,quæ ab Jerosolymis sexcentis stadiis aberat.which was six hundred stadia away from Jerusalem.

³⁰Contestantibus autem his, qui apud Scythopolitas erant,But the Jews, those who were among the Scythians,Judæis, quod benigne ab eis haberentur,testified that they were treated kindly by them,etiam temporibus infelicitatis quod modeste secum egerint:and that, even in the times of unhappiness, they had treated them mildly.

³⁰Contestantibus autem his, qui apud Scythopolitas erant,But the Jews, those who were among the Scythians,Judæis, quod benigne ab eis haberentur,testified that they were treated kindly by them,etiam temporibus infelicitatis quod modeste secum egerint:and that, even in the times of unhappiness, they had treated them mildly.

³¹gratias agentes eis,They gave thanks to them,et exhortati etiam de cetero erga genus suum benignos esse,exhorting them to be kind to their people, now and at other times.venerunt Jerosolymam die solemni septimanarum instante.And they went to Jerusalem, as the solemn days of the seven weeks were underway.

³¹gratias agentes eis,They gave thanks to them,et exhortati etiam de cetero erga genus suum benignos esse,exhorting them to be kind to their people, now and at other times.venerunt Jerosolymam die solemni septimanarum instante.And they went to Jerusalem, as the solemn days of the seven weeks were underway.

³²Et post Pentecosten abierunt contra Gorgiam præpositum Idumææ.And, after Pentecost, they marched against Gorgias, the foremost leader over Idumea.

³²Et post Pentecosten abierunt contra Gorgiam præpositum Idumææ.And, after Pentecost, they marched against Gorgias, the foremost leader over Idumea.

³³Exivit autem cum peditibus tribus millibus,And he went out with three thousand foot soldierset equitibus quadringentis.and four hundred horsemen.

³³Exivit autem cum peditibus tribus millibus,And he went out with three thousand foot soldierset equitibus quadringentis.and four hundred horsemen.

³⁴Quibus congressis,And when they came together,contigit paucos ruere Judæorum.it happened that a few of the Jews were overthrown.

³⁴Quibus congressis,And when they came together,contigit paucos ruere Judæorum.it happened that a few of the Jews were overthrown.

³⁵Dositheus vero quidam de Bacenoris eques,In fact, a certain Dositheus, a horseman of Bacenor,vir fortis,a strong man,Gorgiam tenebat:took hold of Gorgias.et, cum vellet illum capere vivum,And when he would have captured him alive,eques quidam de Thracibus irruit in eum, humerumque ejus amputavit:a certain horseman of the Thracians rushed upon him and cut off his arm, and so,atque ita Gorgias effugit in Maresa.in this way, Gorgias escaped to Maresa.

³⁵Dositheus vero quidam de Bacenoris eques,In fact, a certain Dositheus, a horseman of Bacenor,vir fortis,a strong man,Gorgiam tenebat:took hold of Gorgias.et, cum vellet illum capere vivum,And when he would have captured him alive,eques quidam de Thracibus irruit in eum, humerumque ejus amputavit:a certain horseman of the Thracians rushed upon him and cut off his arm, and so,atque ita Gorgias effugit in Maresa.in this way, Gorgias escaped to Maresa.

³⁶At illis qui cum Esdrim erant diutius pugnantibus et fatigatis,But when those who were with Esdris had fought all day and were fatigued,invocavit Judas Dominum adjutorem et ducem belli fieri:Judas called upon the Lord to be their helper and leader in the battle.

³⁶At illis qui cum Esdrim erant diutius pugnantibus et fatigatis,But when those who were with Esdris had fought all day and were fatigued,invocavit Judas Dominum adjutorem et ducem belli fieri:Judas called upon the Lord to be their helper and leader in the battle.

³⁷incipiens voce patria,Beginning in the language of the fathers,et cum hymnis clamorem extollens,and loudly extolling hymns,fugam Gorgiæ militibus incussit.he inspired the soldiers of Gorgias to take flight.

³⁷incipiens voce patria,Beginning in the language of the fathers,et cum hymnis clamorem extollens,and loudly extolling hymns,fugam Gorgiæ militibus incussit.he inspired the soldiers of Gorgias to take flight.

³⁸Judas autem collecto exercitu venit in civitatem Odollam:Then Judas, having collected his army, went into the city Adullam.et cum septima dies superveniret,And, when the seventh day came,secundum consuetudinem purificati,they purified themselves according to the custom,in eodem loco sabbatum egerunt.and they kept the Sabbath in the same place.

³⁸Judas autem collecto exercitu venit in civitatem Odollam:Then Judas, having collected his army, went into the city Adullam.et cum septima dies superveniret,And, when the seventh day came,secundum consuetudinem purificati,they purified themselves according to the custom,in eodem loco sabbatum egerunt.and they kept the Sabbath in the same place.

³⁹Et sequenti die venit cum suis Judas,And the following day, Judas came with his own,ut corpora prostratorum tolleret,in order to take away the bodies of the fallen,et cum parentibus poneret in sepulchris paternis.and to place them in the sepulchers of their fathers with their ancestors.

³⁹Et sequenti die venit cum suis Judas,And the following day, Judas came with his own,ut corpora prostratorum tolleret,in order to take away the bodies of the fallen,et cum parentibus poneret in sepulchris paternis.and to place them in the sepulchers of their fathers with their ancestors.

⁴⁰Invenerunt autem sub tunicis interfectorum de donariis idolorum quæ apud Jamniam fuerunt,But they found, under the tunics of the slain, some of the treasures of the idols that were near Jamnia,a quibus lex prohibet Judæos:which were prohibited to Jews by the law.omnibus ergo manifestum factum est, ob hanc causam eos corruisse.Therefore, it became manifest that it was for this reason that they had been overthrown.

⁴⁰Invenerunt autem sub tunicis interfectorum de donariis idolorum quæ apud Jamniam fuerunt,But they found, under the tunics of the slain, some of the treasures of the idols that were near Jamnia,a quibus lex prohibet Judæos:which were prohibited to Jews by the law.omnibus ergo manifestum factum est, ob hanc causam eos corruisse.Therefore, it became manifest that it was for this reason that they had been overthrown.

⁴¹Omnes itaque benedixerunt justum judicium Domini,And so, they all blessed the just judgment of the Lord,qui occulta fecerat manifesta:who had made hidden things manifest.

⁴¹Omnes itaque benedixerunt justum judicium Domini,And so, they all blessed the just judgment of the Lord,qui occulta fecerat manifesta:who had made hidden things manifest.

⁴²atque ita ad preces conversi,So then, turning themselves to prayers,rogaverunt ut id quod factum erat delictum oblivioni traderetur.they petitioned him that the offense which had been done would be delivered into oblivion.At vero fortissimus Judas hortabatur populum conservare se sine peccato,And truly, the very strong Judas exhorted the people to keep themselves without sin,sub oculis videntes quæ facta sunt pro peccatis eorum qui prostrati sunt.since they had seen with their own eyes what had happened because of the sins of those who were struck down.

⁴²atque ita ad preces conversi,So then, turning themselves to prayers,rogaverunt ut id quod factum erat delictum oblivioni traderetur.they petitioned him that the offense which had been done would be delivered into oblivion.At vero fortissimus Judas hortabatur populum conservare se sine peccato,And truly, the very strong Judas exhorted the people to keep themselves without sin,sub oculis videntes quæ facta sunt pro peccatis eorum qui prostrati sunt.since they had seen with their own eyes what had happened because of the sins of those who were struck down.

⁴³Et facta collatione,And, calling an assembly,duodecim millia drachmas argenti misit Jerosolymam offerri pro peccatis mortuorum sacrificium,he sent twelve thousand drachmas of silver to Jerusalem, to be offered for a sacrifice for the sins of the dead,bene et religiose de resurrectione cogitansthinking well and religiously about the resurrection,

⁴³Et facta collatione,And, calling an assembly,duodecim millia drachmas argenti misit Jerosolymam offerri pro peccatis mortuorum sacrificium,he sent twelve thousand drachmas of silver to Jerusalem, to be offered for a sacrifice for the sins of the dead,bene et religiose de resurrectione cogitansthinking well and religiously about the resurrection,

⁴⁴(nisi enim eos qui ceciderant resurrecturos speraret,(for if he had not hoped that those who had fallen would be resurrected,superfluum videretur et vanum orare pro mortuis),it would have seemed superfluous and vain to pray for the dead,)

⁴⁴(nisi enim eos qui ceciderant resurrecturos speraret,(for if he had not hoped that those who had fallen would be resurrected,superfluum videretur et vanum orare pro mortuis),it would have seemed superfluous and vain to pray for the dead,)

⁴⁵et quia considerabat quod hi qui cum pietate dormitionem acceperant, optimam haberent repositam gratiam.and because he considered that those who had fallen asleep with piety had great grace stored up for them.

⁴⁵et quia considerabat quod hi qui cum pietate dormitionem acceperant, optimam haberent repositam gratiam.and because he considered that those who had fallen asleep with piety had great grace stored up for them.

⁴⁶Sancta ergoTherefore,et salubris est cogitatio pro defunctis exorare,it is a holy and beneficial thought to pray on behalf of those who have passed away,ut a peccatis solvantur.so that they may be released from sins.

⁴⁶Sancta ergoTherefore,et salubris est cogitatio pro defunctis exorare,it is a holy and beneficial thought to pray on behalf of those who have passed away,ut a peccatis solvantur.so that they may be released from sins.